Kronika is the central Slovenian review for Slovenian local history. It is published by the Historical Association of Slovenia.
Riverside Roman Station at Vernek near Litija
This paper presents the results of archaeological rescue excavations carried out in 2024 on the left bank of the Sava River at Vernek near Litija. Alluvial fragments of Bronze Age pottery were recovered, attributable to the Oloris–Podsmreka horizon. The presence was confirmed of a small Roman settlement, occupied from at least the mid-first to the mid-second century AD. During the Roman period, the site likely functioned as a riverside station along the Sava Gorge that provisioned boatmen and served as a staging post for replacing pack animals.
Copyright (c) 2026 author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Historical Traces of the Carinthian Cup-bearers from Osterwitz in the Territory of Modern Slovenia
The Spanheim descendants from Osterwitz in Austrian Carinthia held this picturesque castle as a hereditary fief from the middle of the twelfth century until the last quarter of the fifteenth century. They were first mentioned as hereditary cup-bearers at the beginning of the thirteenth century, when Duke Bernhard of Carinthia created court offices in his residence in Sankt Veit an der Glain before leaving for the imperial coronation in Rome with King Otto IV. The Lords of Osterwitz also left a noticeable trace in Slovenian history, which is confirmed by more than 270 sources related to them, which belong to the so-called Slovenian corpus. Most of these are original documents, some are notarial records, and a small part subsequent copies of originals that have not been preserved to date. The discussion focuses on their connection with the territory of modern Slovenia. They acquired important properties in Vipava and central Carniola through grants and purchases in the fourteenth century, and also owned the Šenkov turn tower (Ger. Schenkenthurn) in Šinkov Turn near Vodice, named after their position of hereditary cup-bearers (Ger. Schenk). A few found their spouses among the Carniolan nobility; at the end of the fourteenth century and in the first half of the fifteenth century, they were also the provincial governors of Styria and Carniola.
Mirenski Grad – A Hillfort and/or Castle?
Mirenski Grad (“Miren Castle”), a strategic hill overlooking the settlement of Miren on the Vipava River, may have obtained its name after a local hillfort and/or castle. During the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the term “castle” was not yet in the foreground. The hill was mentioned in connection to St Mary’s Church. Rather than a feudal seat, the toponym may have referred to a walled area from the (late) Roman or even prehistoric period.
Lož’s Town Privileges between Norm and Practice
The article discusses how Lož’s town privileges were exercised during the period that spanned the formal establishment of the town and the first half of the nineteenth century. Lož is one of the smallest and most recent towns of medieval origin in the territory of modern Slovenia and the only town for which the original parchment of its municipal charter has been preserved. By 1832, the said charter was followed a dozen of sovereign privileges, most of which have been preserved in transcript. The major hindrance to tracing the practical use of recorded town privileges is the chronical shortage of first-hand sources on the town administration and judiciary, owing to the town archives having been mostly destroyed. When studying the town’s functions, historians are therefore left to rely almost entirely on the archives of external factors, predominantly higher authorities. The article is divided into chapters discussing the relationship between the town of Lož and the homonymous seigniory, the rights and obligations of Lož’s burghers, as well as the town administration, judiciary, and economy.
Beds and Bedding in the Probate Inventories of the Strassoldo Noble Family
Drawing on the first systematic analysis of the Strassoldo family’s probate inventories, the article presents materials and values related to their beds and bedding. Wealthy families owned beds of varying qualities and values in their homes that were intended for both family members and servants. Most of the Strassoldos’ probate inventories contain detailed information regarding the structure of individual beds and the materials their elements were made of. On this basis, we can assume what types of beds were used by the nobility and their servants, with the distinctions among the latter reflecting their position in the household. Because the living conditions of the servants were comparable to those of the socially stratified rural population, the article thus also offers an insight into the overall level of sleeping culture in the County of Gorizia and Gradisca during the second half of the eighteenth century.
Slovenian Folk Literature. A Historian’s Source for Studying Castles
The article summarizes detailed notes on castles in Slovenian folk song and partly folk prose traditions that historians can use as a source for studying castles in the past. Through the words of the creators of Slovenian folk literature, it presents their concrete visions of castles and inhabitants thereof. In terms of their communication value for historians, folk song and prose traditions differ due to their distinct forms and methods of content presentation as well as due to the distinct emphases made by the creators and interpreters of texts.
Settlement Heritage in the Goriška Brda Region in the Case of Biljana and Fojana Settlement Heritage Assessment
The article provides an insight into the conservation method of heritage settlement assessment in the case of Biljana and Fojana in the Goriška Brda region. The assessments were conducted with the aim of drawing up the proposal to include the heritage units in the Register of Immovable Heritage and to protect the settlements within the framework of the Goriška Brda municipality’s zoning plan. Nine settlements in the Goriška Brda hold the status of registered heritage settlement, with Šmartno and Slapnik officially declared as cultural monuments of local importance.
Fototeka of the National Museum of Contemporary History of Slovenia in the Light of the Museum’s Development: From Its Beginnings to the Present Day
The article presents the development of the museum’s photo library, also known as Fototeka. Today, the Fototeka holds approximately four million images on various media, which makes it the largest national collection of photographs. The introductory section first presents the role of photography as a historical source and its significance in everyday life. To provide a broader understanding of the context, the introduction then also outlines the development of the museum itself, as its mission, collecting policies, and organizational structure have changed significantly over time and have had a considerable impact on the acquisition of photographic material. The central part of the article offers a concise overview of the development of the Fototeka, focusing on the storage spaces and the professional management of photographic collections and fonds. Various methods of disseminating photographic material are also presented, including photography exhibitions as well as different types of publications. Special attention is paid to collaboration with the photographers whose works are preserved in the museum.
National Museum of Contemporary History of Slovenia
Copyright (c) 2026 Monika Močnik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gorizia-based Women’s Branch of the St Cyril and Methodius Society and Its Public Cultural Engagement
During the period of Austria–Hungary, St Cyril and Methodius Society was the central Slovenian national defence organization. Its operations were of pivotal importance especially for the development of education and the strengthening of Slovenian national consciousness. The organization built its activities on an extensive network of branch offices, through which it brought together most of Slovenian national territory. It also established itself in Gorizia and Gradisca, where it founded and oversaw the administration of several educational institutions. The St Cyril and Methodius Society was central to women’s emancipation by supporting the foundation of independent women’s branch offices and thus enabling their members to pursue active civic engagement. By drawing on the example of the women’s branch office of the St Cyril and Methodius Society in Gorizia, the article presents its members’ public cultural activities, especially in the context of fostering education and strengthening Slovenian national consciousness.
An Oil Lamp from Emona with the Depiction of a Gladiator
In 2024, archaeological excavations, carried out in the area envisaged for the construction of the Emonika residential complex in Ljubljana, revealed the previously unresearched segment of the northern burial grounds of the Roman colony of Emona (Colonia Iulia Emona). In one of the graves, an oil lamp was unearthed, bearing the depiction of a murmillo-type gladiator (also mirmillo or myrmillo) and an inscription field in the shape of a tabula ansata, featuring a letter B. The article aims to examine the significance and context of this extraordinary find.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julijana Visočnik, Bernarda Županek, Ana Kovačič https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Demise of the Katzenstein Family and their Castle
Even though Katzenstein Castle and its noble lineage have already received ample attention from Slovenian historiographers and castellologists, no article has so far provided a comprehensive explanation of how, after long serving as part of their clientele, the Katzenstein family turned away from the Counts of Cilli in the early fifteenth century and became vassals of the Habsburg dukes. By drawing on a systematic overview of archival records as well as several hitherto unexamined sources, the life of the last generations of the Katzenstein family, which joined the ranks of the Habsburg vassals, can now be reconstructed in more detail. Their final break with the Cillis was caused by the unsettled debt that Count Frederick II collected by force, most probably in the spring or early summer of 1442. The destruction of Katzenstein Castle also sealed the fate of its last, completely impoverished owners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tomaž Lazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The First Three Decades of Life of Ljubljana’s Notable Protestant Lenart Budina (1500–1573)
The article presents the first thirty years of life of Lenart Budina, who was born in or near Carniola’s capital in 1500 and died there in 1573. Budina is best known as the first rector of the Protestant-run Estates School in Ljubljana. Primary focus is on questions concerning Budina’s birth, the identity of his parents, his studies in Leipzig and Freiburg im Breisgau, employment at the printworks of Johann Froben in Basel, his teaching position in the nearby Rheinfelden, as well as his contacts with Erasmus of Rotterdam, Heinrich Glarean, and other humanists. Attention is drawn to Budina’s possible connection to the court of Ferdinand I and the circles surrounding the Papal curia in the years prior to his return to Ljubljana about 1533. The author also specifically addresses the issue of how much importance Budina ascribed to learning Greek, the basics of which he could pass on to his students after returning to his native town as a “Latin teacher.”
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilijana Žnidaršič Golec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Probate Inventory of the Senior Mining Magistrate Ulrich Pitton
The article analyses the probate inventory of Ulrich Pitton, a burgher of Kranj (Ger. Krainburg) and senior mining magistrate in Carniola and Gorizia between 1616 and 1634. In its opening segment, the article presents an account of his life story to the extent that can be determined from scanty written sources. The second part presents and examines his material legacy, which was inventoried less than a month after his death in 1635. The probate inventory and other sources paint Pitton as a relatively well-off burgher, merchant, and landowner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gašper Oitzl https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Female Violence and Interpersonal Enmities in the Lenart Market Town Council Registers (1640–1740)
This article examines ‘everyday’ interpersonal disputes that escalated into violence, documented in the market town council registers of Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah between 1640 and 1740, with particular emphasis on the role that women played in enmities in a small urban settlement. The analysis has proven vital not only for understanding ‘female’ enmities, but also for gaining a more nuanced insight into the societal dynamics and gender roles of the period. The role of women in disputes and their settlements was typically distinct from that of men; while often relegated to the background in the sources, it was far from insignificant. The article thus also challenges the perception that the use of violence was an exclusively male domain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Veronika Kos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Until now, the Marian column in Ljutomer has received no methodical consideration. The author of the article examines it by drawing on available archival sources and a more thorough stylistic analysis. The market town judge (Marktrichter) Matija Petek, who commissioned the column, as well as the year of its commissioning (1729) and restoration (1854), respectively, are stated on the monument’s inscription plaque. Johann Jacob Schoy was most probably the master craftsman selected for creating the stone figures. Only a few elements have been preserved from the original Baroque monument after the architecture of the Marian column was completely transformed in the mid-nineteenth century. The transformation, minutely documented in archival sources, was carried out by two master craftsmen from Radkersburg (Radgona): the stone carver Anton Spranger and the painter and guilder Johann Klein. The article complements the existing knowledge regarding the processes of commissioning and restoring public Baroque monuments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jure Donša https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Toponymy of the Old Part of Ljubljana through Time
An investigation into toponymy that has survived in Ljubljana from the time when it was still a walled urban settlement (until the end of the eighteenth century) or from the period before the mid-nineteenth century, when it rapidly entered the industrial era, sheds light on major differences in the continuity and preservation of old names between the Slovenian capital on one hand and the historical centres of other European capitals and urban settlements on the other. The primary aim of the article is to determine how many early toponyms have been preserved in Ljubljana and what fate befell street names that had disappeared. The article is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the overall characteristics of Ljubljana’s urban toponymy (names of streets, roads, and squares)—i.e., its content and the processes of change—and the second part is conceived as a stroll through the old town core, presenting the reader with individual toponymic and micro-toponymic examples and, through them, with the dynamics of change and transformation. Many instances of renaming occurred for ideological reasons after the Second World War, reaching their highest intensity in 1952. Barring a few exceptions, the former names have never been reinstated after the end of the communist period.
Copyright (c) 2026 Boris Golec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The article opens with an outline of the criteria applied in the early collecting of historic furniture at the Maribor Regional Museum and its predecessor institutions. This is followed by information on the makers of eight pieces of furniture from the museum’s collection, presented chronologically according to their years of birth. The study is limited to craftsmen who established their workshops up to the year 1900: Wiesauer, Lacher, Ballin, Quittner, Blaschitz, Potočnik, Stojan and Rath. Alongside each maker, the selected piece of furniture is discussed in greater detail, and other works by these makers held in the Maribor furniture collection are also identified. The article brings together findings derived from primary written and material sources and records known commissioners, owners, or users of this furniture from Vuhred, Fala, Viltuš and Maribor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirjana Koren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Jakob Aljaž: Between the Public Image of the Symbol of Slovenian Identity and Financial Hardship in Old Age
The article discusses Jakob Aljaž’s efforts between 1925 and 1926 to obtain a substantial increase in his congrua and an honorary pension proposed by the local authorities in Radovljica in 1926. It identifies the main factors underlying his acute financial insecurity: pasture dues were difficult to collect; the forests of the Dovje benefice, constrained by legal restrictions and a reforestation order, produced no income; and a long-standing dispute with Bishop Anton Bonaventura Jeglič over the allocation of timber-sale proceeds remained unresolved and unfavourable to Aljaž. More broadly, Aljaž’s financially ambitious public initiatives exceeded his means, leaving him with minimum savings and inadequate provision for old age. On the state side, limited recognition of his public service and prevailing administrative–political considerations created a paradox: even though his congrua was modestly increased in September 1925 and the Minister of Finance expressed support for further assistance, the Ministry of Religious Affairs ultimately rejected this gesture of goodwill, while the proposal for an honorary pension received no substantive discussion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Željko Oset https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Germanization of Toponyms under the German Occupation of Upper Carniola between 1941 and 1945
The article presents the process of Germanizing Slovenian toponyms or place names in Upper Carniola under the German occupation between 1941 and 1945. In undertaking this task, the occupation authorities largely relied on German place names from the time of Austria–Hungary and in some areas by introducing entirely new German designations. This usually occurred in cases where the former German designation was derived from the Slovenian original and too difficult to pronounce for German speakers, or it bore an excessively Catholic connotation. In major Upper Carniolan towns, where the system of street addresses had already been in place, the practice of (re)naming streets and squares reflected not only the tendency to Germanize but also to reinforce the political hegemony of the German National Socialist Party (NSDAP) by introducing designations after famous German historical and cultural figures as well the leaders of the German National Socialist movement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damjan Hančič https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Based on the analyses of preserved built structures, old depictions and photos, particulars regarding the history of the property, as well as appropriate analogies, it is possible to determine the main development phases of one of the most recognizable historical castle architectures in the Upper Savinja Valley. The castle was most probably built in the second half of the twelfth century and underwent at least three expansions during the Late Middle Ages. In the sixteenth century, it obtained its outer wall with three cylindrical towers and in the seventeenth century it was transformed into a Renaissance-style residence of Ljubljana’s bishops. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the castle underwent no major construction work. The medieval castle core was demolished in the eighteenth century. In 1900, it was restored and added a Historicist chapel sometime between 1917 and 1920. After it was destroyed in the Second World War, the castle underwent a gradual and thorough restoration during the second half of the twentieth century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Igor Sapač https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rudeneck Castle was built in the second quarter of the fourteenth century as a rather large new two-part main residence for the Lords of Altenburg (Slo. Vrbovec), which sparked a feudal war. After the conflict, the significance of the castle and the Lords of Altenburg waned. By the sixteenth century at the latest, the original castle core had been abandoned. A detached Gothic great tower was preserved, next to which a new Renaissance-style building was constructed soon after 1578 to serve as the personal country residence of Ljubljana’s bishop Janez Tavčar. Once it lost its residential and economic significance, the castle became increasingly neglected from the first third of the seventeenth century onwards and was ultimately abandoned soon after 1681. Although its remnants are rather modest, they nonetheless allow for an interpretation of building development. The article also provides concise architectural-historical analyses of the Haslach (Slo. Lešje) manor or mansion and the former Rudenstein Castle (Slo. Rudenštajn), both of which were historically and spatially linked to Rudeneck Castle.
Insights into the Peasant Rebellion in the Seigneury of Gornji Grad in the Early Seventeenth Century
Drawing on the existing literature and the analysis of archival material, the article discusses the selected aspects of the peasant rebellion raised by the subjects of the seigneury of Gornji Grad (Ger. Oberburg) between 1602 and 1607, when the seigneury was under the administration of Tomaž Hren, Bishop of Ljubljana. The article focuses on two main thematic clusters. The first discusses the reasons and circumstances of the rebellion and highlights a few concrete events, especially those that unfolded before 1602 and in the early phase of the rebellion. The second part of the article deals with the question of how the rebellion was addressed by the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, with a particular focus on the role of the provincial princely commission, papal nuncios, and the final decision made by the nuncio Salvago from 1607. The article aims to shed light on the early and closing phases of the rebellion, which has not received much attention in the literature so far.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nina Ošep, Lucija Pečnik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The written heritage of the library of the Franciscan friary in Nazarje
The article offers a comprehensive study of the Franciscan library in Nazarje, one of the key cultural centres of the Upper Savinja Valley since the seventeenth century. The first part, based on sources such as the Diarium Conventus Nazarethani and early inventories, critically revisits the origins of the library and rejects the long-standing thesis of its Bosnian provenance. Instead, it shows that the collection developed gradually from the friars’ arrival and through donations, notably the bequest of Ludvik Umek in 1752. The second part presents the first systematic survey of more than twenty-six medieval manuscript fragments—liturgical, hagiographic, legal and even secular texts—preserved in bindings, shedding new light on the transfer of earlier materials into the collection. The third part addresses the turbulent fate of the library in the twentieth century, especially wartime destruction, dispersal, and later rediscovery of supposedly lost books. The article thus combines a historical, codicological, and cultural heritage perspective.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jan Dominik Bogataj, Anja Božič, Bernardin Domen Iljaš https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Early Administrative Slovenica from the Upper Savinja Valley (1604–1842)
The Upper Savinja Valley is an area from which several early Slovenian administrative texts or records are already known, dating to before the mid-nineteenth century: a decree of the diocesan synod and a translation of a papal breve, both from Gornji Grad, and two oath forms for newly admitted dwellers of the market towns of Rečica ob Savinji and Mozirje. Through recent discoveries, new documents have surfaced, most notably tithe registers and two documents that are unique in the entire Slovenian area: the only probate inventory of a serf in Slovenian and the only last will of a serf drawn up by a priest. The article presents an overview of all hitherto discovered Slovenian administrative records from the Upper Savinja Valley, with a particular focus on those that have so far not been published and discussed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boris Golec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pilgrimages and Pilgrimage Churches in the Upper Savinja Valley during the Baroque Period
The article provides an insight into the pilgrimages and pilgrimage processions that took place in pre-Josephinian parishes of the Upper Savinja Valley during the Baroque period. Based on information from registers and visitation records, the calendar of pilgrimage processions is presented, followed by a systematic discussion of all the pilgrimage churches in the area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Metoda Kemperl https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Miren’s Exiled Shoemaker Cooperative in the Savinja Valley
The article aims to reconstruct the experience of Miren’s exiled shoemaker cooperative in the Savinja Valley during the First World War. It draws on two sources, the history of the cooperative, written by its long-standing leader Anton Vuk, and the diary for part of 1917, kept by its secretary Leopold Kemperle. When Italy entered the war, the inhabitants of Miren were evacuated as early as 23 May 1915. The leadership of the shoemaker cooperative (established in 1907) chose Altenburg Castle (Slo. Vrbovec) at Rečica in the Savinja Valley as a suitable accommodation for its workshops and settled workers in the nearby area. Even in exile, the organization continued to abide by its cooperative principles by systematically ensuring material supply and the production of military and civilian footwear, by provisioning the refugee colony with food, clothing, firewood, and coal, and by distributing refugee and military support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Petra Svoljšak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
What Did a Teacher Graduate Write in Herle’s Logbook in Solčava About Climbing Ojstrica in August 1881?
The logbook from Herle’s tavern in Solčava, which was publicly presented by Prof. Tine Orel in the mountaineering gazette Planinski vestnik in 1963, also contains a report on the ascent that four young men—Fran Skaza and Miha Levstik, both students at the teachers’ training institute in Maribor, and two mountaineers from the Woschnagg (Slo. Vošnjak) family from Šoštanj–made to Mount Ojstrica in August 1881. On returning to the valley, Miha Levstik wrote a dramatic three-page report of their ascent in the mountaineering logbook in Solčava. The article presents an annotated transcript of the report. Mention is also made of several connections of schools and teachers with the Savinja Alps at the end of the nineteenth century. The central role in establishing mountaineering societies was played by the teachers Miha Kos and Fran Kocbek, the authors of the first Slovenian mountain guide from 1894.
Copyright (c) 2025 Branko Šuštar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Liberation of the Upper Savinja Valley in Autumn 1944
Based on archival material and postwar literature, the author presents the Upper Savinja Valley during the Second World War, with an emphasis on the existence of a liberated territory in this area between September and December 1944. The Partisan forces leveraged the temporary weakness of the occupying forces and, with a strategy of simultaneous attacks across the wider area, liberated the entire Upper Savinja Valley, where they established a public administration system. However, because the presence of such a free territory threatened the strategic passage through the Lower Styrian and Slovenian territory, the occupiers recaptured the Upper Savinja Valley and kept it under control until the end of the Second World War.
Copyright (c) 2025 Klemen Kocjančič https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The article discusses the life and mountaineering career of Branko Zemljič (1887–1961), a teacher, cultural worker, and long-time secretary of the Savinja branch of the Slovenian Mountaineering Society. His work is placed in the broader context of the development of mountaineering in Slovenia at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and in the first decades of the twentieth century, when the mountains were not only a place for spending free time but also a site of national and cultural struggle. Special attention is paid to Zemljič’s efforts to strengthen the Slovenian presence in the Savinja part of the Kamnik–Savinja Alps. The article also highlights the “story” from his youth about the area of the Korošica mountain pasture below Mount Ojstrica or, rather, his personal account of the national struggle linked to the symbolic significance of mountain huts. Zemljič’s work shows how everyday efforts of individuals were intertwined with questions of identity, and his legacy offers valuable insight into the formation of the Slovenian mountaineering space.
Savinjska branch of the Slovenian Mountaineering Society
Copyright (c) 2025 Peter Mikša, Matija Zorn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Grohot Mountain Pasture over Time: Work, Kinship Relations, and Ownership
Mountain pastures are high-altitude grazing areas where farmers move their cattle in the warmer months of the year. This practice facilitates a more efficient agricultural activity as well as the preservation of local traditions, ways of knowing, and landscapes. Whereas most mountain pastures in Slovenia are communal, the overwhelming majority of alpine grazing lands in the Solčava area are under individual ownership. A special place among them belongs to the Grohot common mountain pasture, which is also the only shepherd’s settlement in the area under discussion. The article draws on ethnographic research and is thematically divided into three segments: farm chores, the significance of kinship relations, and ownership. Grohot was once a dairy cow mountain pasture, where women dairy farmers took care of milk production, whereas today hired herders tend to the grazing cattle. Kinship structures, which enable the transmission of knowledge and resources, are of utmost importance for the preservation and functioning of the high-altitude grazing land. The history of Grohot reflects broader changes in ownership and agricultural policy during the twentieth century, ranging from grazing rights, nationalization, and denationalization to Slovenia’s integration into the European Union, which points to the blending of local practices with national and European influences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elizabeta Vršnik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0